Encapsulation - Single-cell analysis
- Higher accuracy
- Higher sensitivity
- Higher encapsulation efficiency
Main applications
Next-generation sequencing (NGS)
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been crucial in the study of biological heterogeneity and for the characterization of rare cell types. Several techniques exist to obtain single cells for RNA sequencing. The production of highly monodispersed emulsions makes microfluidics an excellent tool for single-cell analysis. This provides a substantial increase in throughput, with a reduction in cost. Cells and barcode-containing beads/hydrogels are co-encapsulated in a droplet, allowing one to label all the RNA from each cell with a unique barcode such that after pooling and sequencing, each read is mapped back to its cell of origin.
3D cell culture
In vitro cell culture is a fundamental component of biological production systems and biotechnological research. Using microfluidics permits the development of 3D cell culture models, allowing for better replication of native cell microenvironment. In fact, traditional cell culture methods using petri dishes or culture flasks show limitations, including the difficulty to compartmentalize clones and single cells. The technique allows one encapsulate single or multiple cells into droplets of pL volume which are generated at a rate of thousands per second.
Drug delivery
Micro (and nano) particles for drug delivery bring advantages of Micro (and nano) particles for drug delivery bring advantages of: precise dosage, site-specific drug release and delivery, more homogeneous distribution in the physiological environment. Drug delivery applications usually rely on a highly monodispersed (<5%) particles for proper efficiency. Microparticles, microspheres, and microcapsules serve as multiunit drug delivery systems that offer numerous advantages based on their structural and functional abilities. Their application is suitable for convenient and tolerable drug administration via several routes. Different sites and biological components can be targeted depending on the size of the particle.
Resources
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Customer case studies The Hebrew University: Single-cell encapsulation and culture in 3D hydrogels followed by InDrops / Drop-Seq microfluidic protocols for RNA profiling Read more
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Application notes Liposome nanoparticles synthesis Read more
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Application notes Drop-Seq method Read more
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Expertise reviews Organoid Culture in micro-beads Read more
The importance of a stable flow rate for optimized encapsulation
When it comes to droplet or particle generation, having a total control over fluid flow is important. During droplet or particle production the flow rate of each phase must remain constant and stable to allow the production of monodisperse droplet. The ability to precisely control the flow rate of each phase allows one to regulate the size of the droplet and particle generated, the production frequency and the encapsulation efficiency when it comes to cell or barcoded bead encapsulation.
In this context there are several systems and methods available to control fluids for droplet and particle generation using microfluidics.
Pressure as the gold standard for microfluidic droplet generation
Flow rate stability is critical for having repeatable reactor volumes and reproducible results. Syringe pumps are commonly used for generating droplets. Syringe pumps show limited ability to control flow rates. As a result, the droplet size is affected.
Additionally, the actual flow rate cannot be well controlled with such devices. The flow rate value is displayed on the device, but no information on the time required for reaching a set flow rate is given (the time for flow equilibrium may vary depending on the microfluidic setup. Flow rate can also oscillate.
An alternative to syringe pumps are pressure-based flow controllers. These provide high-precision flow control, and fast response times.
Flow control systems and Fluigent added value
We compared the production of water-in-oil emulsions using syringe pumps and pressure-based flow controllers. Using pressure control, the desired droplet size is quickly obtained (< 6 s), and monodisperse droplet generation is ensured over time.
The benefits of choosing Fluigent for your flow control system:
- Best in class stability: 0.1% on the measured value thanks to our field-proven, patented FASTAB™ technology allowing for optimal flow control with the reliability required in demanding industrial environments.
- Workflow automation becomes straightforward with Fluigent software
- Our engineering team are experts in microfluidic design, mechanical and software integration ias well as biology and application knowledge.
