Microfluidic white paper - A guide to Organs-on-Chips technology
What are Organs-on-Chips (OoC)? How are they built? What are the single- and multi-OoC models currently available? What are the most common applications? In this expertise white paper, we provide a comprehensive review about Organs-on-Chips technology.
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“We have a collaboration with Fluigent in an ANR with UTC where we want to parallelize organ-on-a-chip systems in order to test different drugs or different concentrations of drugs.”
Nathalie Maubon | CEO HCS Pharma
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. What are „Organs-on-chips“ (OoC)?
- Definition
- Applications
II. Why use OoC models?
- „Breaking the in vitro impasse“
- An alternative to animal models – 3R principle
- Advantages of OoC models
- Technical challenges
III. What are the current OoC technologies available?
- Materials used for OoC devices
- OoC layouts classically used to recreate organ functions
- Perfusion systems to deliver physiological flow
- Mechanical stimulation
- Readouts and sensors of physiological responses
IV. What kind of cells are used to create OoC?
- Cell lines
- Primary cells from human donors
- Human iPS (induced pluripotent stem cells)
- Fragmented Organoids
- Human biopsies
V. What are the current single OoC models available?
- Example 1: Lung-on-a-chip – The first OoC
- Example 2: Gut-on-a-chip
- Example 3: Tumor-on-a-chip
VI. How to combine several OoC to create a „body-on-chip“?
- Multiplexing of single OoC
- Multiple organs into a single plate (multi-OoC plates)
- Challenges of the multi-OoC field
VII. Applications of OoC in academia and pharmaceutical industry
- Towards an OoC rather than an in vitro validation experiment?
- Drug development (Efficacy and Safety)
- Pre-clinical ADME-Tox assay
- Personalized medecine
VIII. Conclusion
References